He describes binary-cycle technology, in which heat from the earth is exchanged with another fluid that is boiled and used to turn turbines. He said one these fluids is water, but that’s partly wrong. Water is mixed with something else (ammonia, for example) to more efficiently extract the heat of the fluid from the ground.

This “binary” technology is appropriate for low- to moderate-temperatures. When the geothermal fluid is higher, it is “flashed” (allowed to boil) at the surface, and the steam portion is used to turn the turbines. The fluid portion of that boiling, together with the fluid condensed from steam after it spins the turbine, is generally returned to the ground for reheating and for pressure support of pores and cracks that contain the geothermal fluid in order to keep them from collapsing.

Also, in some exceptional geothermal resources (such as The Geysers in Northern California), the fluid exists as steam in the ground, so no conversion from fluid to steam is needed at the surface.

In addition, some geothermal facilities use a combination of flash and binary approaches. In this case, the binary portion is called a “bottoming cycle,” which extracts heat from the condensed steam and uses it to drive another turbine.

Nuclear -During Fission , the water in the reactor is heated and it turns to steam due to high temperature..and this steam is directed into a turbine to turn a generator

Geothermal - there will be high temperatures inside the earth which gushes out through some cracks in the rocks or gound and it is directed to a turbine to turn a generathor

Wind - wind blows, turns the turbine, turns the generator

Tidal -In high tide areas, both the inward and outward tide are used in the moving a turbine and, thus, the generator

Biomass - The burning of waste wood and organic matter to produce heat which heats water to produce steam which is directed to a steam turbine to turn a generator

Photovoltaic Solar - Uses a specialized material, much like semi-conductors like germanium and silicon, to convert light to electricity.

Hydroelectric - Head pressure from the water behind a dam directed into a water turbine to turn the generator
Nuclear - Fission heats the water in a reactor coolant loop, which in turn heats the water in a steam loop via a Steam Generator (big heat exchanger), and the steam is directed into a steam turbine to turn a generator
Thermal Solar - The heat from the sun is directed by mirrors to heat a thermal oil, or a volitile hydrocarbon, in a closed loop thermal storage system. This heat is transferred to a water loop where steam is produced and directed to turn a steam turbine. There are also hydrogen engines but I’ve never worked with that technology yet
Geothermal - uses the heat from within the earth in wells of hot water to heat a water loop, or isopentane loop, and the vapors from one of those loops is directed to a turbine to turn a generator
Wind - wind blows, turns the turbine, turns the generator
Tidal - Both the inward and outward tide are harnesses to utilize the moving water to turn a turbine and, thus, the generator
Biomass - The burning of waste wood and organic matter to produce heat which heats water to produce steam which is directed to a steam turbine to turn a generator

Photovoltaic Solar - Utilized specialized material, much like semi-conductors, to convert light to electricity.

6 means to produce a voltage:
magnetic - generators, both AC and DC
chemical - batteries
pressure (change in pressure) - piezoelectric crystals
temperature - thermocouples
friction - static electricity, lightning rods
light - photovoltaic cells